A Picture of the Nation 2023: Spotlight - Gender and Sectoral Labor Market Differences

Wage gaps between different parts of the population, especially those associated with gender or different subpopulations (such as different ethnicities, religions, or races), have been part of global public discourse for many decades. New estimates show that these gaps are quite persistent, and have shown little sign of disappearing. Even when controlling for objective differences between the groups (though one needs to ask why these differences persist), gaps remain. In this Spotlight we focus on gaps in more than just wages. For the discussion on page 36–39, the Jewish population was divided into three parts: Ashkenazi Jews, they or both their parents were born in Europe or America (30% of the Jews); Mizrahi Jews, they or both their parents were born in Asia or Africa (25%); and all others (44%)